CBD vs THC: Understanding the Cannabinoids

As the conversation around plant-derived medicines grows, two cannabinoids, CBD and THC, have been grabbing headlines around the world. These naturally occurring compounds have sparked interest not only among those seeking alternative treatments but also within the scientific community, eager to decode their therapeutic potential. 

Whether you’re navigating chronic pain, anxiety, or seeking general health improvement, understanding these cannabinoids is the first step toward harnessing their power. With a focus on clarity and accessibility, let’s dive into the heart of what makes CBD and THC integral to the discussion on natural medicine and holistic healing practices.

 

What Exactly Are Cannabinoids?

Cannabinoids are a diverse class of chemical compounds that occur naturally in the Cannabis sativa plant. (Not sure what this plant is? Here’s a guide to all of the different strains)  Beyond THC and CBD, the cannabis plant contains more than 100 different cannabinoids — each contributing to the plant’s effects and potential therapeutic properties. 

While THC and CBD are the most well-known (and the best studied) cannabinoids, the cannabis plant synthesises a wide array of other cannabinoids. Each of these come with their own unique effects and potential benefits.

• CBC (Cannabichromene): Often found in tropical cannabis strains, CBC is believed to possess anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. It does not produce psychoactive effects and is thought to contribute to the overall analgesic effects of cannabis.
• CBG (Cannabigerol): Known as the “mother of all cannabinoids,” CBG is the precursor from which other cannabinoids are synthesised. It has been researched for its potential anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and neuroprotective properties.
• CBN (Cannabinol): CBN is a mildly psychoactive cannabinoid that is primarily produced as THC ages and breaks down. It is being studied for its potential sedative effects and benefits in sleep management.
• THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin): Similar in molecular structure to THC, THCV is believed to act as an appetite suppressant, making it a subject of interest for weight loss research. It may also have potential in regulating blood sugar levels.
• CBDV (Cannabidivarin): Similar to CBD, CBDV is being researched for its potential in managing seizure disorders and other neurological conditions.

Cannabinoids act as part of the plant’s defence mechanisms, helping to protect against herbivores, pests, and diseases. Some cannabinoids possess antibacterial properties, contributing to the plant’s survival. While some help in the regulation of the plant’s growth and development.

How Cannabinoids Work in The Human Body

Cannabinoids such as CBD and THC find their counterparts in the human body through the endocannabinoid system  — a crucial part of human physiology. This system consists of cannabinoid receptors scattered throughout the body, including the brain, nervous system and immune system. 

When cannabinoids bind to these receptors, they trigger responses that can alter neurotransmitter release, impacting how cells communicate and function. This interaction allows cannabinoids to influence a wide range of bodily functions, from how we experience pain and stress to our sleep patterns and how we metabolise food. 

 

What is CBD?

CBD is a non-psychoactive compound, meaning it doesn’t produce the ‘high‘ associated with cannabis use. It’s been the focus of extensive research for its potential to relieve symptoms of various conditions, including anxiety, chronic pain, and epilepsy. 

Owing to its non-intoxicating properties, CBD is available in various forms, including oils, tinctures, and edibles. This makes  it accessible for therapeutic use without the psychoactive effect, broadening its appeal with those seeking non-traditional remedies.

CBD’s interaction with the body’s endocannabinoid system allows it to influence physiological pathways involved in the regulation of pain, mood, and sleep without the mind-altering effects of THC, highlighting its potential as a holistic treatment option.

 

Common CBD Side Effects

While celebrated for its therapeutic benefits and lack of psychoactive effects, CBD is not without potential side effects. As its popularity surges and CBD becomes a staple in the wellness and medical communities, understanding the impact this plant-derived medicine has on the body is crucial. 

While generally considered safe, CBD’s interaction with the body can vary from person to person, making awareness of possible side effects paramount for those incorporating it into their health regimen.

Common side effects of CBD include:

• Dry mouth
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Nausea
• Fatigue or drowsiness
• Changes in appetite or weight
• Diarrhoea
• Changes in mood

These side effects, while often mild and manageable, underscore the necessity of consulting healthcare professionals, particularly for individuals with pre-existing conditions or those taking other medications. 

 

Is CBD Addictive?

CBD, or cannabidiol, has gained attention for both its therapeutic benefits and safety profile — particularly regarding its potential for addiction. It operates without activating the brain’s reward mechanisms that are typically associated with substance addiction. 

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has stated that CBD exhibits no effects indicative of any abuse or dependence potential. Furthermore, the lack of psychoactive effects with CBD use means it doesn’t produce the ‘high’ that often leads to substance misuse. 

 

What is THC?

Tetrahydrocannabinol, commonly known as THC, is the most well-known compound in the cannabis plant. This is mainly due to its psychoactive properties that produce the characteristic ‘high’ associated with cannabis use. This effect is a result of THC’s interaction with the CB1 receptors in the brain, altering normal brain communication and leading to changes in perception, mood, and consciousness. 

Despite these psychoactive effects, THC’s therapeutic potential is significant and wide-ranging. It has been found to offer relief from chronic pain by altering pain perception pathways in the brain, control nausea and vomiting particularly in the context of chemotherapy, and stimulate appetite. Each of which can be beneficial for individuals facing appetite loss due to medical conditions or treatments.

Common THC Side Effects

THC, the psychoactive compound in cannabis, is known for its ability to relieve various medical conditions. However, its use can also lead to several side effects. Being aware of these can help users navigate their treatment options with more confidence and caution.

• Dry mouth
• Red eyes
• Increased heart rate
• Memory impairment
• Increased thirst and hunger
• Altered perception of time
• Mood changes (anxiety or paranoia)
• Coordination issues
• Tiredness
• Dizziness

In summary, recognising the side effects associated with THC is essential for exploring its therapeutic applications as a holistic medicine. Being informed about these potential outcomes ensures a more prepared and cautious approach, allowing the individual to make more informed decisions on their plant-derived medicine journey.

 

Is THC Addictive?

Unlike substances such as nicotine or opioids, THC’s addictive potential is generally considered to be lower. However, some individuals may develop a dependency on THC, particularly with prolonged and frequent use. This condition, known as cannabis use disorder, is characterised by a person’s inability to stop using it despite it having negative effects on their life.

Regular users might experience withdrawal symptoms when attempting to quit or reduce use. This may include irritability, mood changes, sleep difficulties, decreased appetite, and cravings, indicating a physical dependence.  Awareness and education are crucial in mitigating the risk of dependency, which is why it’s important to discuss any concerns with a qualified medical professional when possible.

 

The Differences Between CBD & THC

CBD, known for its non-psychoactive properties, is increasingly recognised for its potential to address a wide range of symptoms without inducing a ‘high.’ This has led to a more accessible legal status for CBD, offering a therapeutic avenue for those seeking symptom relief without psychoactive effects.

THC, although restricted, plays a significant role in patient care for those with specific medical needs, underlining the importance of informed, guided use within Australia’s regulatory environment. The legal framework in Australia permits the use of THC for medical purposes under extremely strict and highly regulated conditions, emphasising controlled access and usage.

 

Learn More at My Green Medical

Nestled within ChemPro chemists in Annerley, Brisbane, and expanding to Nerang and Surfers Paradise, My Green Medical clinic embraces a holistic health perspective. We advocate for plant-derived medicine as an effective alternative for individuals seeking options beyond traditional treatments. 

Book an appointment.